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C-9At second reading in the Senate

Law Would Toughen Penalties for Hate Speech and Crimes Targeting Religious or Cultural Sites

Tougher Penalties for Hate Crimes

Introduced Sep 19, 2025·Last discussed Mar 26, 2026
Summary

This proposed law aims to change how the legal system deals with hate. First, it creates a new crime for displaying hate symbols, like swastikas, in public places. People who do this could face jail time. However, there's an exception if the symbol is used for legitimate reasons like education or art. Second, it creates a new crime called "hate crime". This means if someone commits another crime, like assault, and they are motivated by hate, they could face a harsher punishment. Third, it makes it a crime to intimidate someone to stop them from accessing religious or cultural buildings and cemeteries. This change affects anyone who might spread hate, display hate symbols, or commit crimes motivated by hate. It also affects people who use religious or cultural buildings and cemeteries. It matters because it aims to protect vulnerable groups from hate and make sure that everyone can practice their religion and culture without fear. It also defines "hatred" as an emotion stronger than disdain or dislike, involving detestation or vilification.

What MPs Are Saying
Conservative
Larry BrockConservativeNeutral

I want the committee to study Bill C-9 and also keep studying changes to bail and sentencing at the same time. I think both are important and we can do both.

Liberal
Sean FraserLiberalSupports

I think it's important for people in Canada to live freely, no matter who they are. Hate is a problem, and it's getting worse. This bill adds new crimes to protect people, especially at religious places, and makes it a crime to promote hate. I hope you will study this bill, which will help protect minority groups.

Bloc Québécois
Christine NormandinBloc QuébécoisNeutral

I am asking the Conservative member if they think two meetings are enough to hear from people about this big bill. It seems like there were not many meetings because of delays on another bill.

In the News
Anti-hate bill that provoked bitter debate over religious freedom passes the Commons
Globe and Mail·Mar 26Mixed

A new law about hate speech has passed in the House of Commons. The law was controversial because some people worried it could limit religious freedom. Now, the Senate will vote on whether to make it a law.

This article focuses on the debate between religious freedom and preventing hate speech.

The article accurately describes the main points of Bill C-9.

Where This Lands on Key Issues

Where this proposed law falls on the policy spectrums that Canadians care about

Identity & Human RightsProactive equity and inclusion measures

The bill aims to protect religious and cultural places and punish hate speech, which aligns with proactive equity and inclusion measures for marginalized groups.

Crime & Public SafetyStronger law enforcement

By making it easier to punish people who spread hate online and protecting religious and cultural places from hate-motivated crimes, the bill leans towards a 'tough on crime' approach.

This bill
Bill Quality
Solid

This proposed law aims to combat hate by targeting hate symbols and protecting religious and cultural sites. It also introduces tougher penalties for hate-motivated crimes, but relies on existing definitions of 'hatred' which may be difficult to prove.

Things to Watch For

  • The definition of 'hatred' is subjective and may lead to inconsistent enforcement.
  • The law doesn't address online hate speech beyond the display of specific symbols.
  • It is unclear how the law will address hate crimes committed by youth.
  • The law may disproportionately affect marginalized groups who are often targets of hate but may also be accused of it.
  • The law does not define what constitutes a 'legitimate purpose' for displaying hate symbols, which could lead to loopholes.
Progress

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