National Defence

The House of Commons Standing Committee on National Defence met to discuss the connection between national defence, national security, and Canada's critical minerals sector. Witnesses Wendy Hadwen from the Department of National Defence and Isabella Chan from the Department of Natural Resources explained how Canada's critical mineral resources are important for economic and defence advantages. They highlighted the Defence Industrial Strategy, which aims to secure domestic supply chains for key materials like steel, aluminum, and critical minerals. The proposed law would allow the defence investment agency to negotiate stockpiling agreements and long-term purchases. Hadwen emphasized that Canada's defence sector significantly contributes to the economy through research and development. She also mentioned Canada's role in a NATO project to stockpile critical minerals like lithium and titanium, reducing reliance on external suppliers. Chan noted that critical minerals are now a global priority due to supply chain issues and increased defence spending. She pointed out that Canada has the potential to produce all 12 critical minerals identified by NATO and is taking steps to strengthen its supply chain through the Canadian Critical Minerals Strategy. During the meeting, committee members questioned the witnesses about using natural resources for leverage in negotiations and restoring investor confidence in Canada's mining sector. They also discussed the importance of domestic supply chains, reprocessing waste, and the need for regulatory certainty to attract investment. The committee explored the possibility of disruptions in supply chains and which minerals would be most at risk. The witnesses were also asked about the progress of creating critical mineral strategic reserves and whether Canada has sufficient stockpiles for military efforts. Later in the meeting, Cristina Pekarik, an economics and resource policy expert, testified about the fiscal aspects of critical and strategic minerals. She argued that critical minerals revenue could help finance Canada's defence commitments. Pekarik suggested modeling a pipeline of critical mineral projects to generate revenue for defence spending and highlighted the need to expedite project timelines. She also raised concerns about foreign ownership gaps and the lack of strategic mineral stockpiles in Canada. Pekarik recommended modernizing the critical minerals strategy, integrating defence fiscal capacity, and closing security gaps. The committee discussed various aspects of critical minerals, including the challenges of developing projects in the north, the competitiveness of Canadian production, and the importance of Indigenous partnerships. They also explored the need for greater control over the critical minerals value chain and the role of the Defence Production Act. The meeting concluded with a discussion on strategic stockpiles and the importance of knowing how much of each critical mineral Canada has and how those levels are determined.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on National Defence met to discuss the connection between national defence, national security, and critical minerals. The committee members heard from several witnesses from the mining industry, research institutions, and advocacy groups. The discussion covered topics such as securing critical mineral supply chains, increasing domestic processing capacity, and the role of research and development in strengthening Canada's defence capabilities. Nadia Mykytczuk from Laurentian University emphasized that Canada's defence security depends on its mineral security. She suggested focusing on processing capacity and using mine waste as a strategic mineral reserve. Rodrigue Turgeon from MiningWatch Canada stressed the importance of environmental protection and Indigenous rights when developing mineral resources. He cautioned against prioritizing economic gains at the expense of human rights and environmental sustainability. Heather Exner-Pirot from the Macdonald-Laurier Institute highlighted the need to define critical minerals carefully and focus on those intentionally monopolized by China. Jim Balsillie from the Centre for International Governance Innovation argued that Canada's policy thinking is outdated and that the country needs to focus on owning intellectual property and data related to critical minerals. Sean Boyd from Agnico Eagle Mines Limited emphasized the importance of socio-economic benefits and community support in the Arctic, suggesting that strong communities contribute to strong sovereignty. The committee discussed potential next steps, including improving regulatory certainty for mining projects, investing in skills training and development, and fostering collaboration between government, industry, and research institutions. There was also discussion of how Canada can work with allies, such as Australia, to secure reliable supplies of strategic minerals and diversify supply chains.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on National Defence met to discuss the connection between national defence, national security, and critical minerals. Witnesses from mining and business organizations spoke about Canada's potential to be a reliable supplier of critical minerals to allies, especially NATO, and how this relates to Arctic sovereignty and defence readiness. They emphasized the importance of secure supply chains and the need for Canada to increase its mineral extraction and processing capabilities. Speakers included Hudson Lester from the NWT and Nunavut Chamber of Mines, Photinie Koutsavlis from the Mining Association of Canada, Michael Gullo from the Business Council of Canada, and Jeff Gaulin from Vale Base Metals. The witnesses highlighted challenges such as lengthy project approval times, competition from countries with lower standards (like China), and the need for more investment in mining and refining infrastructure. They suggested solutions like streamlining regulations, offering tax incentives to encourage mining development, and creating a critical mineral reserve for defence purposes. The witnesses also discussed the importance of international cooperation and partnerships with allies to secure supply chains. Committee members debated the role of carbon pricing and environmental regulations in the mining sector's competitiveness. They also discussed the potential for stockpiling critical minerals and the need to balance economic development with responsible environmental practices and indigenous community engagement. The committee agreed to invite the Parliamentary Budget Officer to discuss reports on defence spending and the National Defence and Canadian Armed Forces Ombudsman to discuss a report on the Primary Reserve. They also agreed to invite the Minister of National Defence to discuss the Defence Industrial Strategy and to undertake a study of the Defence Industrial Strategy.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on National Defence met to discuss the connection between national defence, national security, and critical minerals. The committee wanted to understand how securing access to these minerals impacts Canada's safety and economic well-being. Witnesses shared their expertise on international law, defence strategy, and mineral regulations. They talked about the importance of securing Canada's own supply of critical minerals, especially rare earth elements, and the risks of foreign control, particularly from China and the United States.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on National Defence met to discuss and amend a proposed law to update the National Defence Act. The committee worked through the proposed law clause by clause, considering and voting on several amendments. Witnesses Colonel Geneviève Lortie and Lieutenant-Colonel Matt MacMillan from the Canadian Armed Forces provided expert advice on the legal and practical implications of the proposed changes. Key discussions included ensuring victims' rights, providing support for accused individuals, and maintaining the independence of military judges. James Bezan (Conservative) introduced several amendments focused on these areas. Some amendments, like those ensuring victims can request a different liaison officer and extending certain rights to the accused, were supported across party lines. Other amendments sparked debate, particularly those concerning the role of the Minister of National Defence versus the Judge Advocate General in issuing guidelines and the provision of legal counsel to military members charged in civilian courts. Several amendments proposed by Mr. Bezan sought to set timelines for filling key military justice positions, aiming to address delays in appointments. The committee often debated whether changes should be implemented through legislation or policy, with some members arguing that policy allows for more flexibility and regular updates. Ultimately, the committee agreed to amend the proposed law, and decided to report the updated version back to the House of Commons. The committee agreed to reconsider one amendment to ensure consistency throughout the proposed law. They also decided to order a reprint of the proposed law as amended, for use by the House at the report stage. The committee will meet again on Monday to discuss further business.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on National Defence met to discuss proposed changes to the National Defence Act. The main focus was on a proposed law, Bill C-11, that would change how the military handles sexual misconduct cases. Committee members debated amendments (suggested changes) to the proposed law, including who should investigate these cases and whether victims should have a choice in the matter. Key speakers included Tim Watchorn and Viviane Lapointe, who argued for giving civilian courts exclusive jurisdiction over sexual offences to provide clarity and protect survivors. James Bezan advocated for maintaining choice for victims and allowing the military to investigate certain cases. Colonel Geneviève Lortie, a witness from the Canadian Armed Forces, provided legal expertise and raised concerns about potential confusion and delays if the proposed changes created overlapping jurisdictions between military and civilian systems. The committee voted on several amendments. One amendment, CPC-3, was approved. Another amendment, CPC-5, was also approved after a subamendment (a change to the change) was added. The committee also voted to create a plan for an office of the inspector general for sexual misconduct in the Canadian Forces. Finally, they agreed to a sunset clause, meaning the changes would only last for a set time (four years) before being reviewed. The committee agreed to adjourn and continue their review of the proposed law at the next meeting.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on National Defence met to discuss proposed changes to the National Defence Act. These changes, outlined in a proposed law, aim to update military justice processes. The committee reviewed the proposed law clause by clause, considering amendments. Witnesses included Colonel Geneviève Lortie and Lieutenant-Colonel Matt MacMillan, who provided expert advice on the legal and practical implications of the proposed changes. Committee members debated the merits of different amendments, particularly those related to victim choice in the justice system and timelines for filling key positions. One key debate focused on an amendment that would allow victims of military sexual trauma to choose whether their cases are heard in the military or civilian justice system. Some committee members argued that this choice is essential for empowering victims and ensuring justice. Others raised concerns that giving victims this choice could create legal and practical challenges, potentially retraumatizing victims if their choice doesn't lead to a successful prosecution. Colonel Lortie explained that the proposed amendment could conflict with the principle of prosecutorial discretion, which gives prosecutors the final say on where a case is heard. Another point of contention was an amendment proposing a 90-day time limit for filling the position of Judge Advocate General (JAG). Supporters argued this would ensure timely leadership in military justice. Colonel Lortie cautioned that imposing such a strict timeline on the Governor in Council (GIC), who makes the appointment, could be unenforceable and create legal uncertainties. Despite these concerns, the committee voted to approve an amended version of this proposal, extending the timeline to 120 days. Ultimately, the committee did not complete its review of the proposed law. Due to time constraints and ongoing debate, a motion was made to postpone further consideration of certain clauses and amendments. The committee agreed to resume its discussion at a future meeting. The goal is to balance the need for a fair and efficient military justice system with the rights and needs of victims.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on National Defence met to discuss modernizing North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) and strengthening Canada's Arctic defenses. Key witnesses included Lieutenant-General Jamie Speiser-Blanchet, commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force, and Jonathan Quinn, director general for continental defence policy at the Department of National Defence. Quinn emphasized the increasing dangers in the world and the need to enhance Canada's defense capabilities, especially in the Arctic. He highlighted investments in new sensors, command and control systems, and infrastructure to counter threats like advanced cruise missiles and hypersonic weapons. Lieutenant-General Speiser-Blanchet addressed concerns about maintaining sovereign control of Canadian airspace, stating that the F-35 fighter jet is crucial for defending against advanced threats from Russia and China. She also discussed ongoing efforts to enhance security at Canadian air force bases to support the F-35s and other new aircraft. Committee members raised questions about the timeline for infrastructure upgrades, the location of radar installations, and the integration of the Canadian Coast Guard into defense operations. The committee also discussed the potential for industrial benefits for Quebec-based companies in the defense sector, particularly in areas like hypersonics. Witnesses confirmed that Canada is not focused on a military threat from the southern border with the United States, but rather on continued collaboration with U.S. allies for the defense of the shared continent. The committee agreed that the Coast Guard needs updated regulations to share security information with allies. Members also discussed the importance of learning from global conflicts like the war in Ukraine, particularly regarding the proliferation of drones and the need for rapid modernization. The committee heard that the Coast Guard is working to increase sensor capabilities on ships and is sharing expertise in ice navigation with the Royal Canadian Navy. The committee also discussed the importance of Greenland to North American defense. Overall, the meeting focused on the need for Canada to invest in modernizing its defense capabilities, particularly in the Arctic, to address evolving threats and maintain a strong partnership with the United States and other allies. The committee emphasized the importance of integrating new technologies and strengthening infrastructure to ensure Canada's ability to defend its airspace and maritime approaches.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on National Defence met to discuss proposed changes to the military justice system and the integration of the Canadian Coast Guard into the Department of National Defence. The committee heard from the Minister of Justice, Sean Fraser, about proposed law C-11, which aims to move complaints of sexual offences outside the military justice system's jurisdiction. Minister Fraser argued this change would create a safer environment for victims to come forward, while some committee members expressed concerns about victims losing the choice to use the military system. Witnesses from the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Coast Guard then discussed the integration of the Coast Guard into the Department of National Defence. Minister Fraser explained that the proposed law aims to address delays in the criminal justice system and ensure perpetrators are brought to justice. He highlighted the importance of listening to victims and experts, but defended the government's decision to prioritize the recommendations of Justice Arbour, who suggested moving sexual offence complaints to the civilian system. Some committee members questioned why the government was not giving victims a choice between the military and civilian systems, as recommended by other experts and witnesses. During the discussion on the Coast Guard integration, Natasha Kim, Associate Deputy Minister, Department of National Defence, provided an update on the transition process, emphasizing a "people-first" approach and the preservation of the Coast Guard's unique identity. Mario Pelletier, Commissioner of the Canadian Coast Guard, discussed the Coast Guard's strategic role in the Arctic and its capabilities for environmental protection. Committee members raised concerns about the Coast Guard's new security mandate and whether it would be adequately equipped to handle potential threats. Members questioned the value of the Coast Guard's new security role if they would leave at the sign of a threat. Commissioner Pelletier clarified that the Coast Guard would assess threats and take appropriate action, but would not engage in armed combat. The committee discussed the potential for the Coast Guard to become a military target and the need for adequate resources and training to support its expanded mandate. Ultimately, a motion was put forward to compel the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Coast Guard to provide all analyses and documents that informed the decision to integrate the Coast Guard into the Department of National Defence. The meeting adjourned with ongoing questions about the rationale and potential impacts of the Coast Guard integration and the proposed changes to the military justice system.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on National Defence met to discuss the ongoing war in Ukraine. The Ambassador of Ukraine to Canada, Andrii Plakhotniuk, spoke about the urgent need for continued support from Canada, including financial aid, military equipment, and training. He emphasized the importance of air defense systems and ammunition to protect Ukrainian civilians and infrastructure from Russian attacks. He also highlighted the need to ramp up joint production of weapons and equipment with Canada and other partners. Ambassador Plakhotniuk thanked Canada for its previous contributions, such as Operation Unifier, which has trained over 46,000 Ukrainian military personnel. He also discussed the devastating impact of the war on Ukraine's energy sector, with over 50% of its capacity destroyed or damaged. He mentioned the abduction of Ukrainian children and the destruction of civilian infrastructure as examples of war crimes committed by Russia. Committee members asked how Canada can best assist Ukraine, particularly in areas like air defense, critical minerals, and cyber security. Several committee members expressed their strong support for Ukraine and condemned Russia's aggression. They discussed ways to deepen cooperation between Canada and Ukraine, including joint production of drones and other military technologies. The ambassador emphasized that Ukraine is not willing to give up any territory in peace negotiations and that a just and sustainable peace must include security guarantees to prevent future aggression. He also addressed concerns about corruption in Ukraine, stating that the government is committed to addressing these issues and maintaining international credibility. Committee members discussed the importance of countering misinformation campaigns and maintaining unity in support of Ukraine. The ambassador highlighted the resilience and determination of the Ukrainian people in the face of adversity. He stressed that the war in Ukraine is not only a fight for Ukraine's survival but also a fight for democracy and freedom around the world. Committee members agreed on the importance of continued support for Ukraine and expressed their solidarity with the Ukrainian people. No specific decisions were made during the meeting, but the committee members indicated they would continue to explore ways to support Ukraine and hold Russia accountable for its actions. The committee will likely continue to monitor the situation in Ukraine and discuss further measures to assist the country in its fight for survival.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on National Defence met to discuss supplementary budget estimates for the Department of National Defence, the Communications Security Establishment (CSE), and the Canadian Coast Guard. Minister of National Defence David McGuinty highlighted the government's commitment to rebuilding and rearming the military, noting a $1.1 billion funding request for National Defence. Discussions covered investments in fighter jets, naval destroyers, ammunition production, and NORAD modernization. Committee members questioned the Minister on topics such as the selection process for new fighter jets, military housing shortages, and the integration of the Coast Guard into the Department of National Defence. Conservative members, led by James Bezan, pressed the Minister on the ongoing review of the F-35 fighter jet procurement, questioning whether the government was aware of the F-35's strong performance in the original competition. They also raised concerns about potential delays and cost increases associated with alternative aircraft. Liberal members, including Viviane Lapointe, focused on how the budget would improve the quality of life for Canadian Armed Forces members through better housing and modernized workplaces. They also inquired about investments in Arctic defense and NORAD modernization. Members also discussed a motion regarding Bill C-11, related to sexual misconduct in the Canadian Armed Forces. The committee agreed to postpone clause-by-clause consideration of the proposed law until Parliament returns in January 2026, allowing more time to review and propose amendments. The committee also requested the Department of National Defence to provide a Memorandum of Understanding with the Province of Ontario concerning the implementation of the provisions contained in Bill C-11.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on National Defence met to discuss proposed changes to the National Defence Act, specifically focusing on how the military justice system handles cases of sexual misconduct. The committee heard from Marie Deschamps, a lawyer who previously submitted a report on the issue. Deschamps emphasized the importance of addressing even low-severity misconduct to prevent a culture of impunity and suggested a cautious approach with a "sunset clause" to limit risks associated with transferring all cases to the civilian justice system. Deschamps highlighted the need for better data collection to track and evaluate the effectiveness of any changes. She also noted that the civilian justice system might not prioritize low-severity cases due to existing backlogs. Committee members questioned Deschamps on various aspects of the proposed changes, including the potential impact on victims, the capacity of civilian police forces, and the independence of the military justice system. Several committee members expressed concerns about the lack of trust in the military justice system among victims and the potential for re-traumatization. There was discussion about whether victims should have a choice between the military and civilian systems, with some arguing that choice could lead to second-guessing and distress if the case doesn't go their way. A motion was introduced to consider the importance of victims having access to a specialized tribunal, but it was amended to instead study the possibility of such a model. The committee debated the motion and amendment, with some members expressing support for further study and others raising concerns about the feasibility and effectiveness of a specialized tribunal. The meeting ended without a resolution on the motion, and the committee adjourned to continue the discussion at a later date.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on National Defence met to discuss proposed changes to the National Defence Act. The goal is to improve how the military handles cases of sexual misconduct. Witnesses included veterans, legal experts, and support workers, who shared their experiences and ideas for making the system better. A key theme was whether to move sexual assault cases to civilian courts or keep them within the military system. Witnesses also discussed the importance of supporting survivors and ensuring they have choices in reporting and seeking justice. Hélène Le Scelleur, a veteran and Ph.D. candidate, spoke about her own experience of sexual assault by a senior officer and the lack of safe ways to report it. She suggested creating an independent investigative body and giving survivors the choice between civilian and military systems. William Chisholm, a retired master warrant officer, said that the proposed law wouldn't change the conduct of service members and would take away choices from those affected. Christine Wood, a veteran and advocate for military sexual trauma survivors, opposed moving military sexual offenses to the civilian justice system and supported an independent system within the military. Donna Van Leusden, director of a consulting group, argued that the proposed law removes choices from survivors and reduces flexibility. Diane Hill Rose, a peer support advocate, emphasized that the proposed law is a legal solution to a human problem and doesn't focus enough on the needs of victims. Committee members questioned the witnesses about their experiences with the military justice system and whether they believed it was fair and independent. Some members raised concerns about the capacity of civilian courts to handle these cases and the need for specialized training for judges and lawyers. The committee also discussed the importance of providing support and resources to survivors, regardless of whether they choose to report the assault. Several witnesses suggested a "sunset clause" to allow for reassessment of the proposed changes after a trial period. They also emphasized the need for trauma-informed training for everyone involved in the process. A key point of discussion was whether survivors should have the choice to report to either the military or civilian system. Some witnesses argued that removing this choice would be harmful, while others believed that it would simplify the process and ensure greater accountability. Committee members agreed to consider the witnesses' recommendations as they continue to review the proposed law. The committee decided to seek advice on whether amendments to offer freedom of choice would be admissible. They also acknowledged the need for further discussion and potential amendments to the proposed law to address the concerns raised by the witnesses.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on National Defence met to discuss proposed changes to the National Defence Act (Bill C-11). The proposed law aims to shift the investigation and prosecution of sexual offences in the military to civilian authorities. Several witnesses testified, sharing their experiences and opinions on the proposed changes. Elvira Jaszberenyi, a retired corporal, spoke about her own experience as a victim of sexual assault in the military and how her case was mishandled. Paula MacDonald, a former social worker in the Canadian Armed Forces, discussed the gender discrimination and sexual violence she experienced, arguing for independent civilian jurisdiction over sexual offences. Heather Vanderveer, a veteran, expressed concerns that the proposed law does not adequately protect survivors and could cause further harm. Rachelle Smith, a former U.S. Air Force officer, supported the proposed law, believing it addresses core weaknesses in the military justice system. Committee members questioned the witnesses about their experiences and the potential impact of the proposed law. Concerns were raised about the capacity of civilian authorities to handle these cases and the need for specialized training for civilian judges and prosecutors. The committee also discussed the importance of accountability, transparency, and support for victims. The committee agreed to invite the Minister of National Defence to appear to discuss budget implications.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on National Defence met to discuss proposed changes to the National Defence Act, specifically regarding how the military handles sexual offences. The proposed law would require all sexual offence cases to be referred to civilian authorities. Witnesses included Dr. Karen Breeck, a retired medical officer, Afton David, a senior legal counsel, and Bruce MacGregor, a retired colonel and former director of military prosecutions. Dr. Breeck suggested that the military has improved since 2015 and that some low-risk cases should remain within the military system, giving victims a choice. She also raised concerns about unequal access to legal counsel for the accused in the civilian system and the need for better data collection and review. Ms. David emphasized that the proposed law is just one step in broader reforms needed to restore trust and change the military's culture. She suggested mental health support improvements and protections for judicial independence. Col. MacGregor raised concerns about the independence of the Director of Military Prosecutions and the potential for cases to be triaged or mishandled in the civilian system due to a lack of resources and understanding of military culture. Committee members questioned the witnesses on various aspects of the proposed law, including the impact on victims, the role of military judges, and the need for communication between military and civilian authorities. There was discussion about whether victims should have a choice in where their cases are handled and how to ensure fair treatment for both victims and the accused. The committee acknowledged the need for cultural change within the military and the importance of addressing sexual misconduct at all levels. The committee will consider the witnesses' recommendations as it continues its review of the proposed law.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on National Defence met to discuss a proposed law, Bill C-11, which aims to amend the National Defence Act. The goal is to shift jurisdiction over sexual offences within the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) to civilian courts. Committee members heard from several witnesses, including law professors and retired military personnel, who presented different perspectives on the proposed changes. Some supported the proposed law, while others expressed concerns about its potential impact on military justice and accountability. Colonel Michel Drapeau, a retired member of the armed forces and law professor, voiced strong support for the proposed law, emphasizing the need for independent oversight of sexual offences committed by CAF members. He suggested that the military justice system has been deficient in this area. Lieutenant-Colonel Rory Fowler, a lawyer and retired member of the armed forces, argued that the proposed law would not solve the underlying issues of accountability within the CAF and could create additional problems. He believes the focus should be on improving leadership and holding leaders accountable, rather than shifting jurisdiction. Professor Megan MacKenzie, who studies military sexual violence, supported the proposed law as a necessary step toward addressing sexual violence in the CAF. She highlighted the importance of moving cases of sexual violence outside of the internal justice system to ensure impartiality and restore confidence among victims. Charlotte Duval-Lantoine, from the Canadian Global Affairs Institute, cautioned against overstating the proposed law's impact on changing military culture but acknowledged that it could provide victims with an opportunity to seek justice independently. The committee discussed the potential implications of the proposed law for victims, the accused, and the overall effectiveness of the military justice system. Some committee members raised concerns about ensuring that victims have access to support and resources, while others questioned whether the proposed changes would truly improve accountability. There was also discussion about the role of military police in investigating sexual offences and the need for greater oversight of their activities. The committee agreed to continue its study of the proposed law and consider potential amendments. Members requested that the witnesses submit any suggested amendments in writing for consideration. The committee also scheduled additional meetings to further examine the proposed law and hear from other witnesses.

The House of Commons Standing Committee on National Defence met to discuss the Canadian Coast Guard's integration into the Department of National Defence and the modernization of NORAD. In the first half, Marc Mes and Andy Smith from the Canadian Coast Guard explained how the Coast Guard is joining the defence team and expanding its role to include security activities, especially in the Arctic. They emphasized that the Coast Guard will remain a civilian agency and will focus on collecting and sharing information for security purposes, not on military combat. Committee members asked about the Coast Guard's new responsibilities, equipment, and collaboration with other agencies and Indigenous communities. In the second half, Andrea Charron and Peter Bates discussed the importance of modernizing NORAD to defend North America against evolving threats. They highlighted the need for integrated air and missile defence and better domain awareness. Charron suggested creating a dedicated operation for the defence of Canada and appointing a NORAD czar to coordinate efforts. Bates warned that the current NORAD is not prepared for modern warfare and that Canada needs to invest in actual military capabilities, not just symbolic gestures. Committee members questioned the witnesses about the specific challenges and opportunities for NORAD modernization, including cybersecurity, Arctic defence, and collaboration with the United States. The discussion also touched on the impact of the conflict in Ukraine on Canada's defence priorities and the need to support Ukraine in defeating Russia. The committee acknowledged the importance of NORAD and the need for continued investment in its modernization to ensure the security of North America.

The committee identified several next steps, including gathering more information on specific aspects of the proposed law, such as the transfer of cases to civilian authorities and the training of military police. Committee members also expressed interest in hearing from additional witnesses, including representatives from provincial justice ministries and police forces. The committee plans to continue its study of the proposed law at future meetings.